【標題】 中華人民共和國國家賠償法(附英文)
【發(fā)布單位】 全國人大常委會
【發(fā)布日期】1994年05月12日
【實施日期】1995年01月01日
第一章 總 則
第二章 行政賠償
第一節(jié) 賠償范圍
第二節(jié) 賠償請求人和賠償義務機關
第三節(jié) 賠償程序
第三章 刑事賠償
第一節(jié) 賠償范圍
第二節(jié) 賠償請求人和賠償義務機關
第三節(jié) 賠償程序
第四章 賠償方式和計算標準
第五章 其他規(guī)定
第六章 附 則
第一章 總 則
第一條 為保障公民、法人和其他組織享有依法取得國家賠償的權利，促進國家機關依法行使職權，根據憲法，制定本法。
第二條 國家機關和國家機關工作人員違法行使職權侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，受害人有依照本法取得國家賠償的權利。
國家賠償由本法規(guī)定的賠償義務機關履行賠償義務。
第二章 行政賠償
第一節(jié) 賠償范圍
第三條 行政機關及其工作人員在行使行政職權時有下列侵犯人身權情形之一的，受害人有取得賠償的權利：
（一）違法拘留或者違法采取限制公民人身自由的行政強制措施的；
（二）非法拘禁或者以其他方法非法剝奪公民人身自由的；
（三）以毆打等暴力行為或者唆使他人以毆打等暴力行為造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的；
（四）違法使用武器、警械造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的；
（五）造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的其他違法行為。
第四條 行政機關及其工作人員在行使行政職權時有下列侵犯財產權情形之一的，受害人有取得賠償的權利：
（一）違法實施罰款、吊銷許可證和執(zhí)照、責令停產停業(yè)、沒收財物等行政處罰的；
（二）違法對財產采取查封、扣押、凍結等行政強制措施的；
（三）違反國家規(guī)定征收財物、攤派費用的；
（四）造成財產損害的其他違法行為。
第五條 屬于下列情形之一的，國家不承擔賠償責任：
（一）行政機關工作人員與行使職權無關的個人行為；
（二）因公民、法人和其他組織自己的行為致使損害發(fā)生的；
（三）法律規(guī)定的其他情形。
第二節(jié) 賠償請求人和賠償義務機關
第六條 受害的公民、法人或者其他組織有權要求賠償。
受害的公民死亡，其繼承人和其他有扶養(yǎng)關系的親屬有權要求賠償。
受害的法人或者其他組織終止，承受其權利的法人或者其他組織有權要求賠償。
第七條 行政機關及其工作人員行使行政職權侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，該行政機關為賠償義務機關。兩個以上行政機關共同行使行政職權時侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，共同行使行政職權的行政機關為共同賠償義務機關。法律、法規(guī)授權的組織在行使授予的行政權力時侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，被授權的組織為賠償義務機關。受行政機關委托的組織或者個人在行使受委托的行政權力時侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，委托的行政機關為賠償義務機關。賠償義務機關被撤銷的，繼續(xù)行使其職權的行政機關為賠償義務機關；沒有繼續(xù)行使其職權的行政機關的，撤銷該賠償義務機關的行政機關為賠償義務機關。
第八條 經復議機關復議的，最初造成侵權行為的行政機關為賠償義務機關，但復議機關的復議決定加重損害的，復議機關對加重的部分履行賠償義務。
第三節(jié) 賠償程序
第九條 賠償義務機關對依法確認有本法第三條、第四條規(guī)定的情形之一的，應當給予賠償。賠償請求人要求賠償應當先向賠償義務機關提出，也可以在申請行政復議和提起行政訴訟時一并提出。
第十條 賠償請求人可以向共同賠償義務機關中的任何一個賠償義務機關要求賠償，該賠償義務機關應當先予賠償。
第十一條 賠償請求人根據受到的不同損害，可以同時提出數項賠償要求。
第十二條 要求賠償應當遞交申請書，申請書應當載明下列事項：
（一）受害人的姓名、性別、年齡、工作單位和住所，法人或者其他組織的名稱、住所和法定代表人或者主要負責人的姓名、職務；
（二）具體的要求、事實根據和理由；
（三）申請的年、月、日。
賠償請求人書寫申請書確有困難的，可以委托他人代書；也可以口頭申請，由賠償義務機關記入筆錄。
第十三條 賠償義務機關應當自收到申請之日起兩個月內依照本法第四章的規(guī)定給予賠償；逾期不予賠償或者賠償請求人對賠償數額有異議的，賠償請求人可以自期間屆滿之日起三個月內向人民法院提起訴訟。
第十四條 賠償義務機關賠償損失后，應當責令有故意或者重大過失的工作人員或者受委托的組織或者個人承擔部分或者全部賠償費用。
對有故意或者重大過失的責任人員，有關機關應當依法給予行政處分；構成犯罪的，應當依法追究刑事責任。
第三章 刑事賠償
第一節(jié) 賠償范圍
第十五條 行使偵查、檢察、審判、監(jiān)獄管理職權的機關及其工作人員在行使職權時有下列侵犯人身權情形之一的，受害人有取得賠償的權利：
（一）對沒有犯罪事實或者沒有事實證明有犯罪重大嫌疑的人錯誤拘留的；
（二）對沒有犯罪事實的人錯誤逮捕的；
（三）依照審判監(jiān)督程序再審改判無罪，原判刑罰已經執(zhí)行的；
（四）刑訊逼供或者以毆打等暴力行為或者唆使他人以毆打等暴力行為造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的；
（五）違法使用武器、警械造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的。
第十六條 行使偵查、檢察、審判、監(jiān)獄管理職權的機關及其工作人員在行使職權時有下列侵犯財產權情形之一的，受害人有取得賠償的權利：
（一）違法對財產采取查封、扣押、凍結、追繳等措施的；
（二）依照審判監(jiān)督程序再審改判無罪，原判罰金、沒收財產已經執(zhí)行的。
第十七條 屬于下列情形之一的，國家不承擔賠償責任：
（一）因公民自己故意作虛偽供述，或者偽造其他有罪證據被羈押或者被判處刑罰的；
（二）依照刑法第十四條、第十五條規(guī)定不負刑事責任的人被羈押的；
（三）依照刑事訴訟法第十一條規(guī)定不追究刑事責任的人被羈押的；
（四）行使國家偵查、檢察、審判、監(jiān)獄管理職權的機關的工作人員與行使職權無關的個人行為；
（五）因公民自傷、自殘等故意行為致使損害發(fā)生的；
（六）法律規(guī)定的其他情形。
第二節(jié) 賠償請求人和賠償義務機關
第十八條 賠償請求人的確定依照本法第六條的規(guī)定。
第十九條 行使國家偵查、檢察、審判、監(jiān)獄管理職權的機關及其工作人員在行使職權時侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，該機關為賠償義務機關。對沒有犯罪事實或者沒有事實證明有犯罪重大嫌疑的人錯誤拘留的，作出拘留決定的機關為賠償義務機關。
對沒有犯罪事實的人錯誤逮捕的，作出逮捕決定的機關為賠償義務機關。
再審改判無罪的，作出原生效判決的人民法院為賠償義務機關。二審改判無罪的，作出一審判決的人民法院和作出逮捕決定的機關為共同賠償義務機關。
第三節(jié) 賠償程序
第二十條 賠償義務機關對依法確認有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定的情形之一的，應當給予賠償。賠償請求人要求確認有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定情形之一的，被要求的機關不予確認的，賠償請求人有權申訴。
賠償請求人要求賠償，應當先向賠償義務機關提出。
賠償程序適用本法第十條、第十一條、第十二條的規(guī)定。
第二十一條 賠償義務機關應當自收到申請之日起兩個月內依照本法第四章的規(guī)定給予賠償；逾期不予賠償或者賠償請求人對賠償數額有異議的，賠償請求人可以自期間屆滿之日起三十日內向其上一級機關申請復議。
賠償義務機關是人民法院的，賠償請求人可以依照前款規(guī)定向其上一級人民法院賠償委員會申請作出賠償決定。
第二十二條 復議機關應當自收到申請之日起兩個月內作出決定。
賠償請求人不服復議決定的，可以在收到復議決定之日起三十日內向復議機關所在地的同級人民法院賠償委員會申請作出賠償決定；復議機關逾期不作決定的，賠償請求人可以自期間屆滿之日起三十日內向復議機關所在地的同級人民法院賠償委員會申請作出賠償決定。
第二十三條 中級以上的人民法院設立賠償委員會，由人民法院三名至七名審判員組成。
賠償委員會作賠償決定，實行少數服從多數的原則。
賠償委員會作出的賠償決定，是發(fā)生法律效力的決定，必須執(zhí)行。
第二十四條 賠償義務機關賠償損失后，應當向有下列情形之一的工作人員追償部分或者全部賠償費用：
（一）有本法第十五條第（四）、（五）項規(guī)定情形的；
（二）在處理案件中有貪污受賄，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行為的。
對有前款（一）、（二）項規(guī)定情形的責任人員，有關機關應當依法給予行政處分；構成犯罪的，應當依法追究刑事責任。
第四章 賠償方式和計算標準
第二十五條 國家賠償以支付賠償金為主要方式。
能夠返還財產或者恢復原狀的，予以返還財產或者恢復原狀。
第二十六條 侵犯公民人身自由的，每日的賠償金按照國家上年度職工日平均工資計算。
第二十七條 侵犯公民生命健康權的，賠償金按照下列規(guī)定計算：
（一）造成身體傷害的，應當支付醫(yī)療費，以及賠償因誤工減少的收入。減少的收入每日的賠償金按照國家上年度職工日平均工資計算，最高額為國家上年度職工年平均工資的五倍；
（二）造成部分或者全部喪失勞動能力的，應當支付醫(yī)療費，以及殘疾賠償金，殘疾賠償金根據喪失勞動能力的程度確定，部分喪失勞動能力的最高額為國家上年度職工年平均工資的十倍，全部喪失勞動能力的為國家上年度職工年平均工資的二十倍。造成全部喪失勞動能力的，對其扶養(yǎng)的無勞動能力的人，還應當支付生活費；
（三）造成死亡的，應當支付死亡賠償金、喪葬費，總額為國家上年度職工年平均工資的二十倍。對死者生前扶養(yǎng)的無勞動能力的人，還應當支付生活費。
前款第（二）、（三）項規(guī)定的生活費的發(fā)放標準參照當地民政部門有關生活救濟的規(guī)定辦理。被扶養(yǎng)的人是未成年人的，生活費給付至十八周歲止；其他無勞動能力的人，生活費給付至死亡時止。
第二十八條 侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的財產權造成損害的，按照下列規(guī)定處理：
（一）處罰款、罰金、追繳、沒收財產或者違反國家規(guī)定征收財物、攤派費用的，返還財產；
（二）查封、扣押、凍結財產的，解除對財產的查封、扣押、凍結，造成財產損壞或者滅失的，依照本條第（三）、（四）項的規(guī)定賠償；
（三）應當返還的財產損壞的，能夠恢復原狀的恢復原狀，不能恢復原狀的，按照損害程度給付相應的賠償金；
（四）應當返還的財產滅失的，給付相應的賠償金；
（五）財產已經拍賣的，給付拍賣所得的價款；
（六）吊銷許可證和執(zhí)照、責令停產停業(yè)的，賠償停產停業(yè)期間必要的經常性費用開支；
（七）對財產權造成其他損害的，按照直接損失給予賠償。
第二十九條 賠償費用，列入各級財政預算，具體辦法由國務院規(guī)定。
第五章 其他規(guī)定
第三十條 賠償義務機關對依法確認有本法第三條第（一）、（二）項、第十五條第（一）、（二）、（三）項情形之一，并造成受害人名譽權、榮譽權損害的，應當在侵權行為影響的范圍內，為受害人消除影響，恢復名譽，賠禮道歉。
第三十一條 人民法院在民事訴訟、行政訴訟過程中，違法采取對妨害訴訟的強制措施、保全措施或者對判決、裁定及其他生效法律文書執(zhí)行錯誤，造成損害的，賠償請求人要求賠償的程序，適用本法刑事賠償程序的規(guī)定。
第三十二條 賠償請求人請求國家賠償的時效為兩年，自國家機關及其工作人員行使職權時的行為被依法確認為違法之日起計算，但被羈押期間不計算在內。
賠償請求人在賠償請求時效的最后六個月內，因不可抗力或者其他障礙不能行使請求權的，時效中止。從中止時效的原因消除之日起，賠償請求時效期間繼續(xù)計算。
第三十三條 外國人、外國企業(yè)和組織在中華人民共和國領域內要求中華人民共和國國家賠償的，適用本法。外國人、外國企業(yè)和組織的所屬國對中華人民共和國公民、法人和其他組織要求該國國家賠償的權利不予保護或者限制的，中華人民共和國與該外國人、外國企業(yè)和組織的所屬國實行對等原則。
第六章 附 則
第三十四條 賠償請求人要求國家賠償的，賠償義務機關、復議機關和人民法院不得向賠償請求人收取任何費用。
對賠償請求人取得的賠償金不予征稅。
第三十五條 本法自１９９５年１月１日起施行。
附：法律有關條文
一、刑法
第十四條 已滿十六歲的人犯罪，應當負刑事責任。
已滿十四歲不滿十六歲的人，犯殺人、重傷、搶劫、放火、慣竊罪或者其他嚴重破壞社會秩序罪，應當負刑事責任。
已滿十四歲不滿十八歲的人犯罪，應當從輕或者減輕處罰。
因不滿十六歲不處罰的，責令他的家長或者監(jiān)護人加以管教；在必要的時候，也可以由政府收容教養(yǎng)。
第十五條 精神病人在不能辨認或者不能控制自己行為的時候造成危害結果的，不負刑事責任；但是應當責令他的家屬或者監(jiān)護人嚴加看管和醫(yī)療。
間歇性的精神病人在精神正常的時候犯罪，應當負刑事責任。
醉酒的人犯罪，應當負刑事責任。
二、刑事訴訟法
第十一條 有下列情形之一的，不追究刑事責任，已經追究的，應當撤銷案件，或者不起訴，或者宣告無罪：
（一）情節(jié)顯著輕微、危害不大，不認為是犯罪的；
（二）犯罪已過追訴時效期限的；
（三）經特赦令免除刑罰的；
（四）依照刑法告訴才處理的犯罪，沒有告訴或者撤回告訴的；
（五）被告人死亡的；
（六）其他法律、法令規(guī)定免予追究刑事責任的。
Law of the People's Republic of China on State Compensation
(Adopted on May 12, 1994 at the Seventh Session of the Standing Committee of the
Eighth National People's Congress and promulgated on the same day) Whole document
Law of the People's Republic of China on State Compensation (Adopted on May 12, 1994 at the Seventh Session of the Standing
Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress and promulgated on thesame day)
Chapter 1 General Principles
Article 1
In conformity with the Constitution, this Law is enacted to protect citizens, legal persons and other organizations to enjoy
the right to compensation by the state and to promote the state organs to exercise their functions and powers in accordance with law.
Article 2
If a state organ or a member of its personnel, when exercising functions and powers in violation of the law, infringes upon the lawful
rights and interests of a citizen, legal person or other organization and causes damages the aggrieved person shall have the right to recover
damages from the state in accordance with this Law.
The obligations of state compensation shall be performed by the organs under compensatory obligations stipulated by this Law.
Chapter 2 Administrative Compensation
Section 1: Scope of Compensation
Article 3
The aggrieved person shall have the right to recover damages in one of the following circumstances where an administrative organ or its personnel
infringes upon his personal rights when exercising functions and powers:
(1) where there is unlawful detention or an unlawful compulsory
administrative measure to restrict the personal freedom of a citizen;
(2) where there is unlawful custody or otherwise unlawful deprivation
of the personal freedom of a citizen;
(3) where such violent act as battery or abetting others in battery
causes bodily injury to or decease of a citizen;
(4) where the use of weapon or police apparatus in violation of laws
causes bodily injury to or decease of a citizen; or
(5) other unlawful acts which cause bodily injury to or decease of a
citizen.
Article 4
The aggrieved person shall have the right to recover damages in one of the following circumstances where an administrative organ or its personnel
infringes upon his property right when exercising its functions and
powers:
(1) imposing an administrative punishment in violation of the law,
such as fining, revocation of a permit or license, order to suspend
production or business operation or confiscation of property and article;
(2) taking a compulsory administrative measure in violation of the law such as sealing up, distraining or freezing of property;
(3) expropriating property and article or apportioning expenses in
violation of rules and regulations of the state; or
(4) other unlawful acts which cause damage to property.
Article 5
The state shall not be liable for compensation in one of the following circumstances:
(1) where the personal act by personnel of the state organ, which does not relate to his exercise of functions and powers;
(2) where the act by a citizen, legal person or other organization
itself causes damage; or
(3) other situations as provided for by law.
Section 2: Claimant for Compensation and Organs for compensatory Obligations
Article 6
The aggrieved citizen, legal person or other organization shall have
the right to claim compensation.
Where the aggrieved citizen is deceased, his successor or other
relatives with maintenance relation shall have the right to claim
compensation.
Where the aggrieved legal person or other organization hasterminated,
the legal person or other organization which succeeds its rights shall
have the right to claim compensation.
Article 7
Where an administrative organ and its personnel infringe upon the
lawful rights and interests of a citizen, a legal person or other
organization and cause damage when exercising its administrative functions
and powers, the organ shall be responsible for fulfilling compensatory
obligations.
Two administrative organs or more which infringe upon the lawful
rights and interests of a citizen, legal person or other organization and
cause damage when exercising their joint administrative functions and
powers, shall be the organs under joint compensatory obligations.
An organization authorized by law which infringes upon the lawful
rights and interests of a citizen, legal person or other organization and
causes damage when exercising its authorized administrative powers, shall
be the organ under compensatory obligations.
An organization or individual entrusted by an administrative organ
infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen, legal person
or other organization and causes damage when exercising the entrusted
administrative powers, shall be the organ under compensatory obligations.
Where the organ for compensatory obligation has been abolished, the
administrative organ that continues to exercise the abolished organ's
functions and powers shall be the organ under compensatory obligation;
where there is no such a continued administrative organ, the
administrative organ that did the abolishment shall be the organ under
compensatory obligations.
Article 8
Where the case has been reconsidered by the organ under
reconsideration, the administrative organ which caused the initial damage
shall be the organ under compensatory obligations; where the
reconsideration decision by the organ for reconsideration aggravates the
damage, the organ for reconsideration shall be liable for the damage
resulting from the aggravation part.
Section 3: Procedure of Compensation
Article 9
The organ for compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in one
of the circumstances as provided for in Article 3 and Article 4 of this
Law once confirmed in accordance with law.
A claimant shall, first, file a claim for compensation with an organ
under compensatory obligations and may, in the meantime, file a claim
when applying for an administrative reconsideration and instituting an
administrative procedure.
Article 10
A claimant may claim compensation from any one of the organs under
joint compensatory obligations and the said organ under compensatory
obligations shall pay compensation first.
Article 11
The claimant may, depending on different injuries suffered, file
several claims for compensation.
Article 12
The claim for compensation shall be filed by presenting an
application, which shall contain the following contents:
(1) name, sex, age, employer and address of the claimant, name and
address of the legal person or other organization and name and post of its
legal representative or main person in charge;
(2) the specific claim, factual basis and reasons; and
(3) the date of application.
Where the claimant has difficulty in writing the application, the
claimant may entrust it with other persons or file a verbal application,
which shall be recorded in writing by the organ under compensatory
obligations.
Article 13
The organ under compensatory obligations shall, within 2 months from
the date of receipt of the application, pay compensation in accordance
with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this Law; in case of failure by it to
pay compensation within the specific period, or where the claimant is not
satisfied with the amount of compensation, the claimant may, within 3
months from the date of expiration of the period, bring an action in a
people's court.
Article 14
After paying compensation, the organ under compensatory obligations
shall instruct its personnel or the entrusted organization or person who
has committed intentional or grave mistake in the case to bear part or all
of the expenses for damage.
The competent authorities shall, in accordance with law, impose
administrative sanctions on those responsible persons who have committed
intentional or grave mistakes in the case; If the case constitutes a
crime, the criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
Chapter 3 Criminal Compensation
Section 1: Scope of Compensation
Article 15
Where organs and their personnel which exercise the functions and
powers of detection, prosecution, adjudication and administration of
prison cause any of the following infringements upon personal rights when
exercising their functions and powers, the aggrieved person shall have the
right to recover damages:
(1) a wrong detention of a person without criminal facts or without
facts evidencing the person with gross criminal suspicion;
(2) a wrong arrest of a person without criminal facts;
(3) an adjudication of innocence is given to change an original
sentence in the retrial according to the procedure for trial supervision,
and the original sentence of penalty has been executed;
(4) bodily injury to or death of a citizen caused by torture
arrangement or such violent acts as battery or abetting others in battery;
(5) the bodily injury to or decease of a citizen caused by unlawful
use of weapon or police apparatus.
Article 16
Organs and their personnel which exercise the functions and powers of
detection, prosecution, adjudication and administration of prison cause
one of the following infringements upon property rights when exercising
their functions and powers, the aggrieved person shall have the right to
recover damages:
(1) where there is a measure, such as sealing up, distraint, freezing
or recovery of property in violation of law; or
(2) where an adjudication of innocence is given to change an original
sentence in the retrial in accordance with the procedure for retrial
supervision, and the original court supervision of fine or confiscation of
property has been executed.
Article 17
The state shall not be responsible for compensation in any of the
following circumstances:
(1) where a citizen was put into custody or was sentenced criminal
penalty because of his intentionally false confession or falsification of
other evidence of guilt;
(2) where a person, who shall not bear criminal responsibility in
accordance with Article 14 and Article 15 of the Criminal Law, was put
into custody;
(3) where a person, who shall not be prosecuted for criminal
responsibility in accordance with Article 11 of the Criminal procedure
Law, was put into custody;
(4) personal act by the personnel of the organs that exercise the
functions and powers of detection, prosecution, adjudication and
administration of prison, which does not relate to his exercise of the
said functions and powers;
(5) where the damage was caused by such intentional acts as
self-injuring or self-disabling; or
(6) other situations as provided for by law.
Section 2: Claimant for Compensation and Organ for Compensatory Obligations
Article 18
The claimant for compensation shall be determined in accordance with
Article 6 of this Law.
Article 19
Where organs and their personnel which exercise the functions and
powers of detection, prosecution, adjudication and administration of
prison infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen, legal
person or other organization when exercising their functions and powers,
the organs shall be responsible for fulfilling compensatory obligations. The organ which makes a wrong decision to detain a person without
criminal facts or a person without facts evidencing gross criminal
suspicion shall be the organ for compensatory obligations.
The organ which makes a wrong decision to arrest a person without
criminal facts shall be the organ for compensatory obligations.
Where a sentence is given to change an original judgment in the
retrial, the people's court which made the original effective judgment
shall be the organ for compensatory obligations. Where an adjudication of
innocence is given to change an original judgment in the second instance,
the people's court which made the judgment of first instance and the organ
which made the decision of arrest shall be the organ for compensatory
obligations.
Section 3: Procedures of Compensation
Article 20
The organ for compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any
of the circumstances as provided for in Article 15 and Article 16 of this
Law when confirmed in accordance with law.
Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances as provided for in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law
and the demanded organ refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant
shall have the right to lodge a complaint.
Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim shall, first, be
lodged to the organ for compensatory obligations.
The procedures of compensation shall apply to the provisions of
Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 of this Law.
Article 21
The organ for compensatory obligations shall, within 2 months from the date of receipt of the application, pay compensation in accordance with
the provisions of Chapter 4 of this Law; in case of failure by it to pay
compensation within the period specified or where the claimant is not
satisfied with the amount of compensation, the claimant may, within 30
days from the date of expiration of the time limit, apply for
reconsideration by an organ at the next higher level.
Where the organ under compensatory obligations is a people's court,
the claimant for compensation may, pursuant to the provisions of preceding
paragraph, apply to the compensation commission of the people's court at
the next higher level for a decision of compensation.
Article 22
The organ for reconsideration shall, within 2 months from the date of
receipt of the application, make a decision.
Where the claimant for compensation is not satisfied with the
reconsideration decision, he or she may, within 30 days from the date of
receipt of reconsideration decision, apply for a decision of compensation
to the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level at
the place where the organ for reconsideration is located; Failure by the
organ for reconsideration to make a decision within the period specified,
the claimant for compensation may, within 30 days from the date of
expiration of the time period, apply for a decision of compensation to the
compensation commission of the people's court at the same level at the
place where the organ for reconsideration is located.
Article 23
An intermediate people's court or the people's court above the
intermediate level shall set up a compensation commission, which shall
consist of 3 to 7 judges.
The compensation commission shall make a decision of compensation on
the principle of the minority subordinate to the majority.
Where the decision of compensation by the compensation commission is
of validity of law, it must be executed.
Article 24
Having paid compensation, the organ under compensatory obligations
shall recover part or all of the damages from its personnel in any of the
following circumstances:
(1) the circumstances as provided for in Article 15 (4), (5) of this
Law; or
(2) where its personnel embezzle or take bribery and embezzlement or
act wrongly out of personal considerations or commit fraudulent act or
bring in judgment by perverting the law.
The competent authorities shall, in accordance with law, impose
administrative sanctions on those responsible persons who fall in one of
the circumstances as provided for in (1) and (2) of the proceeding
paragraph; If the case constitute a crime, the criminal responsibility
shall be investigated in accordance with law.
Chapter 4 Methods of Compensation and Calculation Standards
Article 25
The main method of state compensation shall be the payment of damages.
Where the property can be returned or can be restored to the original
state, it shall be returned or made restoration to the original state.
Article 26
Where the personal rights of a citizen are infringed upon, the amount
of money for compensation per day shall be calculated according to the
average salary per day of the staff of the state in the preceding year.
Article 27
Where the rights of life and health of a citizen are infringed upon,
the amount of money for compensation per day shall be calculated according
to the following provisions:
(1) Where bodily injury is caused, medical expenses and compensation
for losses of income for absence from work shall be paid. The amount of
money for compensation per day for losses of income shall be calculated
according to the average salary per day of the staff of the state in the
preceding year. The maximum amount shall be five times as much as the
annual average salary of the staff of the state in the preceding year.
(2) Where partial or total loss of the ability to work is caused,
medical expenses and compensation money for disablement shall be paid. The
amount of money for compensation for disablement shall be calculated
according to the seriousness of loss of the ability to work. The maximum
amount of compensation money for partial loss of ability to work shall be
ten times as much as the annual average salary of the staff of the state
in the preceding year. The maximum amount of compensation money for total
loss of ability to work shall be twenty times as much as the annual
average salary of the staff of the state in the preceding year. In case of
total loss of ability to work, living expenses shall be paid to the person
who is maintained by the aggrieved and without ability to work. and
(3) Where decease is caused, compensation money and funeral expenses
shall be paid, the total amount of which shall be twenty times as much as
the annual average salary of the staff of the state in the preceding year.
Living expenses shall be paid to the person who is maintained by the
aggrieved before his or her decease and without ability to work.
The granting of living expenses mentioned in (2) and (3) of the
preceding paragraph shall be made in light of the relevant provisions
concerning subsistence relief promulgated by the local civil
administration department. Should the person maintained be a juvenile, the
living expenses shall be paid until the juvenile reaches the age of 18;
Should the person be of no ability to work, the living expenses shall be
paid until his decease.
Article 28
Where the property rights of a citizen, legal person or other
organization are infringed upon and damage is caused, it shall be dealt
with according to the following provisions:
(1) in case of imposition of a fine or penalty, recovery or
confiscation of property, or expropriation of property and article, or
appointment of expenses in violation of the provisions of the state, the
property shall be returned;
(2) in case of sealing up, distraint and freezing of property and
causing damage or destruction to the property, compensation shall be paid
according to the provisions of (3) and (4) of this Article;
(3) in case of damage to the property which should be returned, the
original state shall be restored if it can be done. If the original state
can not be restored, corresponding compensation money shall be paid
according to the seriousness of the damage;
(4) in case of destruction of the property which should be returned,
corresponding compensation money shall be paid;
(5) in case the property has been auctioned, proceeds from the auction shall be paid;
(6) in case of rescission of a permit or license, order to suspend
production or business operation, compensation shall be paid to cover the
necessary current expenses incurred during the suspension period; or
(7) in case of other damages caused to the property, compensation
shall be made in light of direct loss of the property.
Article 29
The expenses for compensation shall be listed in the fiscal budget of
governments at all levels, the detailed rules of which shall be formulated
by the State Council.
Chapter 5 Other Provisions
Article 30
Where any of the circumstances as provided for in Article 3 (1) and
(2) and Article 15 (1), (2) and (3) of this Law, is confirmed according
to law and causes infringement upon the rights of reputation and honor of
the aggrieved person, the organ compensatory obligations shall eliminate
the bad effect, rehabilitate the reputation of and make an apology to the
aggrieved person to the extent of the infringing acts affected.
Article 31
Where a people's court, in the course of a civil or administrative
procedure, illegally undertakes compulsory measures against impairment of
action, preservative measures or wrongfully executes the judgment or
award or other legal effective documents and which causes damages, the
procedure for the claim of compensation by the claimant shall apply to the
provisions of this Law concerning the procedures of criminal compensation.
Article 32
The prescription of claim for state compensation by the claimant shall be 2 years, which shall be calculated from the day on which the act of
exercising the functions and powers by the State organ and its personnel
was confirmed unlawful according to law, but the period of custody shall
be excluded from the limitation of time.
Where the claimant for compensation can not exercise his or her right
of claim due to force majeure or other obstacles during the last 6 months
of the prescription of claim for compensation, the limitation of time
shall be suspended. The time of prescription of claim for compensation
shall resume from the day when the grounds for the suspension are
eliminated.
Article 33
This Law shall be applicable to such cases as claiming by a foreigner, foreign enterprise or organization in the territory of the People's
Republic of China upon the People's Republic of China for state
compensation.
If the mother state of a foreigner, foreign enterprise or organization does not protect or imposes restrictions upon the right of claiming for
state compensation from that state by a Chinese citizen, legal entity or
other organization, the People's Republic of China shall follow the
principle of reciprocity with regard to such mother state of the said
foreigner, foreign enterprise or organization.
Chapter 6 Supplementary Provisions
Article 34
Where the claimant claims for state compensation, the organ under
compensatory obligations, the organ for reconsideration and the people's
court shall not charge anything to the claimant.
Taxes shall not be levied upon the compensation money obtained by
claimant for compensation.
Article 35
This Law shall enter into force as of January 1, 1995.
Appendix:Related Articles of Laws
1. Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China
Article 14
Any person who has reached the age of 16 and who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.
Any person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 16 and who commits a homicide, inflicting serious bodily injury, robbery, arson,
habitual theft or any other crime seriously undermining social order shall
bear criminal responsibility.
Any person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 18 and who commits a crime shall be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
If a person is not punished because he has not reached the age of 16,
the head of his or her family or his or her guardian shall be ordered to
discipline and educate him or her. When necessary, he or she may also be
taken in by the government for reeducation.
Article 15
If a mental patient causes dangerous consequences at a time when he or she is unable to recognize or control his or her own conduct, he or she
shall not bear criminal responsibility, however, his or her family or
guardian shall be ordered to make him or her under strict custody and give
medical treatment.
Any person whose mental illness is of an intermittent nature shall
bear criminal responsibility if he or she commits a crime when he or she
is in a normal mental state.
Any intoxicated person who commits a crime shall bear criminal
responsibility.
2. Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
Article 11
In any of the following circumstances, no criminal responsibility
shall be investigated; if investigation has already been undertaken, the
case shall be dismissed, or prosecution shall not be initiated, or
innocence shall be declared:
(1) if an act is obviously of minor importance, causing no serious
harm, and is therefore not deemed as a crime;
(2) if the limitation period for criminal prosecution has expired;
(3) if an exemption of criminal punishment has been granted in a
special amnesty decree;
(4) if the crime is to be handled only upon complaint according to the Criminal Law, but there has been no complaint or the complaint has been
withdrawn;
(5) if the defendant is deceased; or
(6) if other laws or decrees provide an exemption from investigation
of criminal responsibility.
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