【標(biāo)題】 中華人民共和國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易法(附英文)
【發(fā)布單位】 全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)
【發(fā)布日期】1994年05月12日
【實(shí)施日期】1994年07月01日
第一章 總 則
第二章 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者
第三章 貨物進(jìn)出口與技術(shù)進(jìn)出口
第四章 國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易
第五章 對(duì)外貿(mào)易秩序
第六章 對(duì)外貿(mào)易促進(jìn)
第七章 法律責(zé)任
第八章 附 則
第一章 總 則
第一條 為了發(fā)展對(duì)外貿(mào)易，維護(hù)對(duì)外貿(mào)易秩序，促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展，制定本法。
第二條 本法所稱(chēng)對(duì)外貿(mào)易，是指貨物進(jìn)出口、技術(shù)進(jìn)出口和國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易。
第三條 國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)依照本法主管全國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易工作。
第四條 國(guó)家實(shí)行統(tǒng)一的對(duì)外貿(mào)易制度，依法維護(hù)公平的、自由的對(duì)外貿(mào)易秩序。
國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展對(duì)外貿(mào)易，發(fā)揮地方的積極性，保障對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者的經(jīng)營(yíng)自主權(quán)。
第五條 中華人民共和國(guó)根據(jù)平等互利的原則，促進(jìn)和發(fā)展同其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)的貿(mào)易關(guān)系。
第六條 中華人民共和國(guó)在對(duì)外貿(mào)易方面根據(jù)所締結(jié)或者參加的國(guó)際條約、協(xié)定，給予其他締約方、參加方或者根據(jù)互惠、對(duì)等原則給予對(duì)方最惠國(guó)待遇、國(guó)民待遇。
第七條 任何國(guó)家或者地區(qū)在貿(mào)易方面對(duì)中華人民共和國(guó)采取歧視性的禁止、限制或者其他類(lèi)似措施的，中華人民共和國(guó)可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況對(duì)該國(guó)家或者該地區(qū)采取相應(yīng)的措施。
第二章 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者
第八條 本法所稱(chēng)對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者，是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的法人和其他組織。
第九條 從事貨物進(jìn)出口與技術(shù)進(jìn)出口的對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)，必須具備下列條件，經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)許可：
（一）有自己的名稱(chēng)和組織機(jī)構(gòu)；（二）有明確的對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍；
（三）具有其經(jīng)營(yíng)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)所必需的場(chǎng)所、資金和專(zhuān)業(yè)人員；
（四）委托他人辦理進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)達(dá)到規(guī)定的實(shí)績(jī)或者具有必需的進(jìn)出口貨源；
（五）法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他條件。
前款規(guī)定的實(shí)施辦法由國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定。
外商投資企業(yè)依照有關(guān)外商投資企業(yè)的法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定，進(jìn)口企業(yè)自用的非生產(chǎn)物品，進(jìn)口企業(yè)生產(chǎn)所需的設(shè)備、原材料和其他物資，出口其生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，免予辦理第一款規(guī)定的許可。
第十條 國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易企業(yè)和組織的設(shè)立及其經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守本法和其他有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定。
第十一條 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者依法自主經(jīng)營(yíng)、自負(fù)盈虧。
第十二條 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)信守合同，保證商品質(zhì)量，完善售后服務(wù)。
第十三條 沒(méi)有對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)許可的組織或者個(gè)人，可以在國(guó)內(nèi)委托對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者在其經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍內(nèi)代為辦理其對(duì)外貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)。
接受委托的對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者應(yīng)當(dāng)向委托方如實(shí)提供市場(chǎng)行情、商品價(jià)格、客戶(hù)情況等有關(guān)的經(jīng)營(yíng)信息。委托方與被委托方應(yīng)當(dāng)簽訂委托合同，雙方的權(quán)利義務(wù)由合同約定。
第十四條 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)的規(guī)定，向有關(guān)部門(mén)提交與其對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)有關(guān)的文件及資料。有關(guān)部門(mén)應(yīng)當(dāng)為提供者保守商業(yè)秘密。
第三章 貨物進(jìn)出口與技術(shù)進(jìn)出口
第十五條 國(guó)家準(zhǔn)許貨物與技術(shù)的自由進(jìn)出口。但是，法律、行政法規(guī)另有規(guī)定的除外。
第十六條 屬于下列情形之一的貨物、技術(shù)，國(guó)家可以限制進(jìn)口或者出口：
（一）為維護(hù)國(guó)家安全或者社會(huì)公共利益，需要限制進(jìn)口或者出口的；
（二）國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)短缺或者為有效保護(hù)可能用竭的國(guó)內(nèi)資源，需要限制出口的；
（三）輸往國(guó)家或者地區(qū)的市場(chǎng)容量有限，需要限制出口的；
（四）為建立或者加快建立國(guó)內(nèi)特定產(chǎn)業(yè)，需要限制進(jìn)口的；
（五）對(duì)任何形式的農(nóng)業(yè)、牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)產(chǎn)品有必要限制進(jìn)口的；
（六）為保障國(guó)家國(guó)際金融地位和國(guó)際收支平衡，需要限制進(jìn)口的；
（七）根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)所締結(jié)或者參加的國(guó)際條約、協(xié)定的規(guī)定，需要限制進(jìn)口或者出口的。
第十七條 屬于下列情形之一的貨物、技術(shù)，國(guó)家禁止進(jìn)口或者出口：
（一）危害國(guó)家安全或者社會(huì)公共利益的；
（二）為保護(hù)人的生命或者健康，必須禁止進(jìn)口或者出口的；
（三）破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境的；
（四）根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)所締結(jié)或者參加的國(guó)際條約、協(xié)定的規(guī)定，需要禁止進(jìn)口或者出口的。
第十八條 國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)應(yīng)當(dāng)會(huì)同國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)，依照本法第十六條、第十七條的規(guī)定，制定、調(diào)整并公布限制或者禁止進(jìn)出口的貨物、技術(shù)目錄。
國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)或者由其會(huì)同國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)，經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，可以在本法第十六條、第十七條規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)，臨時(shí)決定限制或者禁止前款規(guī)定目錄以外的特定貨物、技術(shù)的進(jìn)口或者出口。
第十九條 對(duì)限制進(jìn)口或者出口的貨物，實(shí)行配額或者許可證管理；對(duì)限制進(jìn)口或者出口的技術(shù)，實(shí)行許可證管理。
實(shí)行配額或者許可證管理的貨物、技術(shù)，必須依照國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)或者由其會(huì)同國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)許可，方可進(jìn)口或者出口。
第二十條 進(jìn)出口貨物配額，由國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)或者國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)在各自的職責(zé)范圍內(nèi)，根據(jù)申請(qǐng)者的進(jìn)出口實(shí)績(jī)、能力等條件，按照效益、公正、公開(kāi)和公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的原則進(jìn)行分配。
配額的分配方式和辦法由國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定。
第二十一條 對(duì)文物、野生動(dòng)植物及其產(chǎn)品等貨物、物品，其他法律、行政法規(guī)有禁止進(jìn)出口或者限制進(jìn)出口規(guī)定的，依照有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定辦理。
第四章 國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易
第二十二條 國(guó)家促進(jìn)國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易的逐步發(fā)展。
第二十三條 中華人民共和國(guó)在國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易方面根據(jù)所締結(jié)或者參加的國(guó)際條約、協(xié)定中所作的承諾，給予其他締約方、參加方市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入和國(guó)民待遇。
第二十四條 國(guó)家基于下列原因之一，可以限制國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易：
（一）為維護(hù)國(guó)家安全或者社會(huì)公共利益；
（二）為保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境；
（三）為建立或者加快建立國(guó)內(nèi)特定的服務(wù)行業(yè)；
（四）為保障國(guó)家外匯收支平衡；
（五）法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他限制。
第二十五條 屬于下列情形之一的國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易，國(guó)家予以禁止：
（一）危害國(guó)家安全或者社會(huì)公共利益的；
（二）違反中華人民共和國(guó)承擔(dān)的國(guó)際義務(wù)的；
（三）法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定禁止的。
第二十六條 國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)和國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)，依照本法和其他有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)，對(duì)國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)行管理。
第五章 對(duì)外貿(mào)易秩序
第二十七條 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者在對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)中，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法經(jīng)營(yíng)，公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，不得有下列行為：
（一）偽造、變?cè)旎蛘哔I(mǎi)賣(mài)進(jìn)出口原產(chǎn)地證明、進(jìn)出口許可證；
（二）侵害中華人民共和國(guó)法律保護(hù)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)；
（三）以不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)手段排擠競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手；
（四）騙取國(guó)家的出口退稅；
（五）違反法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他行為。
第二十八條 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者在對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)中，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定結(jié)匯、用匯。
第二十九條 因進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品數(shù)量增加，使國(guó)內(nèi)相同產(chǎn)品或者與其直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害或者嚴(yán)重?fù)p害的威脅時(shí)，國(guó)家可以采取必要的保障措施，消除或者減輕這種損害或者損害的威脅。
第三十條 產(chǎn)品以低于正常價(jià)值的方式進(jìn)口，并由此對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)已建立的相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)造成實(shí)質(zhì)損害或者產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)損害的威脅，或者對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)建立相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)造成實(shí)質(zhì)阻礙時(shí)，國(guó)家可以采取必要措施，消除或者減輕這種損害或者損害的威脅或者阻礙。
第三十一條 進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品直接或者間接地接受出口國(guó)給予的任何形式的補(bǔ)貼，并由此對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)已建立的相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)造成實(shí)質(zhì)損害或者產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)損害的威脅，或者對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)建立相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)造成實(shí)質(zhì)阻礙時(shí)，國(guó)家可以采取必要措施，消除或者減輕這種損害或者損害的威脅或者阻礙。
第三十二條 發(fā)生第二十九條、第三十條、第三十一條規(guī)定的情況時(shí)，國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定的部門(mén)或者機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定進(jìn)行調(diào)查，作出處理。
第六章 對(duì)外貿(mào)易促進(jìn)
第三十三條 國(guó)家根據(jù)對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展的需要，建立和完善為對(duì)外貿(mào)易服務(wù)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)，設(shè)立對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展基金、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基金。
第三十四條 國(guó)家采取進(jìn)出口信貸、出口退稅及其他對(duì)外貿(mào)易促進(jìn)措施，發(fā)展對(duì)外貿(mào)易。
第三十五條 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)者可以依法成立和參加進(jìn)出口商會(huì)。
進(jìn)出口商會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)，依照章程對(duì)其會(huì)員的對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)指導(dǎo)，提供咨詢(xún)服務(wù)，向政府有關(guān)部門(mén)反映會(huì)員有關(guān)對(duì)外貿(mào)易促進(jìn)方面的建議，并積極開(kāi)展對(duì)外貿(mào)易促進(jìn)活動(dòng)。
第三十六條 中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)組織依照章程開(kāi)展對(duì)外聯(lián)系，舉辦展覽，提供信息、咨詢(xún)服務(wù)和其他對(duì)外貿(mào)易促進(jìn)活動(dòng)。
第三十七條 國(guó)家扶持和促進(jìn)民族自治地方和經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)發(fā)展對(duì)外貿(mào)易。
第七章 法律責(zé)任
第三十八條 走私禁止進(jìn)出口或者限制進(jìn)出口的貨物，構(gòu)成犯罪的，依照懲治走私罪的補(bǔ)充規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任；不構(gòu)成犯罪的，依照海關(guān)法的規(guī)定處罰。國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)并可以撤銷(xiāo)其對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)許可。
第三十九條 偽造、變?cè)爝M(jìn)出口原產(chǎn)地證明、進(jìn)出口許可證，依照刑法第一百六十七條
的規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任；買(mǎi)賣(mài)進(jìn)出口原產(chǎn)地證明、進(jìn)出口許可證或者買(mǎi)賣(mài)偽造、變?cè)斓倪M(jìn)出口原產(chǎn)地證明、進(jìn)出口許可證，比照刑法第一百六十七條的規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任。
單位犯前款罪的，判處罰金，并對(duì)單位直接負(fù)責(zé)的主管人員和其他直接責(zé)任人員依照或者比照刑法第一百六十七條的規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任。國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén)并可以撤銷(xiāo)其對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)許可。
明知是偽造、變?cè)斓倪M(jìn)出口許可證而用以進(jìn)口或者出口貨物，依照本法第三十八條的規(guī)定處罰。
第四十條 違反本法規(guī)定，進(jìn)口或者出口禁止進(jìn)出口或者限制進(jìn)出口的技術(shù)，構(gòu)成犯罪的，比照懲治走私罪的補(bǔ)充規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任。
第四十一條 國(guó)家對(duì)外貿(mào)易工作人員玩忽職守、徇私舞弊或者濫用職權(quán)，構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任；不構(gòu)成犯罪的，給予行政處分。
國(guó)家對(duì)外貿(mào)易工作人員利用職務(wù)上的便利，索取他人財(cái)物，或者非法收受他人財(cái)物為他人謀取利益，構(gòu)成犯罪的，依照懲治貪污罪賄賂罪的補(bǔ)充規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任；不構(gòu)成犯罪的，給予行政處分。
第八章 附 則
第四十二條 國(guó)家對(duì)邊境城鎮(zhèn)與接壤國(guó)家邊境城鎮(zhèn)之間的貿(mào)易以及邊民互市貿(mào)易，采取靈活措施，給予優(yōu)惠和便利。具體辦法由國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定。
第四十三條 中華人民共和國(guó)的單獨(dú)關(guān)稅區(qū)不適用本法。
第四十四條 本法自１９９４年７月１日起施行。
FOREIGN TRADE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 7th Session of the Standing Committee of the 8th
National People's Congress and Promulgated on May 12, 1994)
Whole document
Chapter I Principles
Article 1
This Law is formulated with a view to developing the foreign trade,
maintaining the foreign trade order and promoting a healthy development of
the socialist market economy.
Article 2
Foreign trade as mentioned in this Law shall cover the import andexport of goods, technologies and the international trade in services.
Article 3
The authority responsible for foreign trade and economic relations under the
StateCouncil is in charge of the administration of the foreign trade of the entire country pursuant to this Law.
Article 4
The State shall apply the foreign trade system on a uniform basis and maintain a fair and free foreign trade order in accordance with law.
The State encourages the development of its foreign trade, exercises the initiative of localities and safeguards the autonomy of business
operation of the foreign trade dealers.
Article 5
The People's Republic of China promotes and develops trade ties with other countries and regions on the principles of equality and mutual
benefit.
Article 6
The People's Republic of China shall, under international treaties or agreements to which the People's Republic of China is a contracting party
or a participating party, grant the other contracting parties or
participating parties, or on the principles of mutual advantage and
reciprocity, grant the other party most-favored-nation treatment or
national treatment within the field of foreign trade.
Article 7
In the event that any country or region applies discriminatory prohibition, restriction or other like measures against the People's
Republic of China in respect of trade, the People's Republic of China may,
as the case may be, take counter-measures against the country or region in
question.
Chapter II Foreign Trade Dealers
Article 8
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall cover the legal entities and other organizations engaged in foreign trade dealings in
compliance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 9
A foreign trade dealer who intends to engage in the import and export of goods and technologies shall fulfill the following requirements and
acquire the permit from the authority responsible for foreign trade and
economic relations under the State Council:
1. having its own name and corporate structure;
2. having definite scope of business in foreign trade;
3. having place of business, financial resources and professional
personnel essential to the foreign trade dealings which it intends to
engage in;
4. having a required record of import and export which were effected on its behalf or having necessary sources of goods for import or export;
5. other requirements provided in relevant laws and administrative regulations.
The detailed rules for the implementation of the preceding paragraph are to be laid down by the State Council.
Enterprises with foreign investment shall be exempt from the permit requirement provided in paragraph 1 with respect to their import of
non-productive articles for their own use, import of equipments and raw
materials and other articles necessary for their production as well as the
export of the products they produce under the relevant provisions of laws
and administrative regulations governing enterprises with foreign
investment.
Article 10
The establishment and operation of enterprises and organizations
engaged in international trade in services shall be in compliance with the
provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and administrative
regulations.
Article 11
Foreign trade dealers shall enjoy full autonomy in their business operation and be responsible for their own profits and losses in
accordance with law.
Article 12
In foreign trade activities foreign trade dealers should honor their contracts, ensure the quality of the commodity and perfect the after-sale
services.
Article 13
Any organization or individual without foreign trade operation permit may entrust a foreign trade dealer located in China as its agent to
conduct its foreign trade business within the business scope of the
latter.
The entrusted foreign trade dealer shall provide the principal with actual business information such as market situation, commodity prices and
client position. The agent and the principal shall conclude and sign an
agency agreement, in which the rights and obligations of both parties
should be specified.
Article 14
Foreign trade dealers are obligated to provide documents and information in relation to their foreign trade dealings to the relevant
authorities pursuant to the regulations of the authority responsible for
foreign trade and economic relations under the State Council. The relevant
authorities shall not disclose the business proprietary information
provided by the dealers.
Chapter III Import and Export of Goods and Technologies
Article 15
The State allows free import and export of goods and technologies except where laws or administrative regulations provided otherwise.
Article 16
The State may impose restrictions on the import or export of goods and technologies in any of the following circumstances:
(1) where the import or export shall be restricted in order to safeguard the national security or public interest;
(2) where the export shall be restricted on account of domesticshortage in supply or effective protection of exhaustible domestic
resources;
(3) where the export shall be restricted due to the limited marketcapacity of the importing country or region;
(4) where the import shall be restricted in order to establish oraccelerate the establishment of a particular domestic industry;
(5) where the restriction on the import of agricultural, animalhusbandry or fishery products in any form is necessary;
(6) where the import shall be restricted in order to maintain theState's international financial status and the balance of international
payments.
(7) where, as the international treaties or agreements to which thePeople's Republic of China is a contracting party or a participating partyrequire, the import or export shall be restricted.
Article 17
The State prohibits the import or export of any goods or technologiesin any of the following circumstances:
(1) where such goods or technologies will endanger national securityor public interest;
(2) where the import or export of such goods or technologies must beprohibited in order to protect human life or health;
(3) where such goods or technologies will disrupt the ecologicalenvironment;
(4) where the import or export of such goods or technologies shall be
prohibited in accordance with the provisions of international treaties oragreements to which the People's Republic of China is a contracting partyor participating party.
Article 18
The authority responsible for foreign trade and economic relations under the State Council shall, in collaboration with the relevantauthorities under the State Council and in accordance with the provisions
of Article 16 and Article 17 of this Law, formulate, adjust and publish
the list of goods and technologies whose import or export are subject to
restrictions or prohibitions.
Upon the approval of the State Council the authority responsible for foreign trade and economic relations under the State Council may, within
the framework of Article 16 and Article 17, independently or in
collaboration with the relevant authorities under the State Council
determine, on a temporary basis, to impose restriction or prohibition on
the import or export of particular goods or technologies not included in
the list mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
Article 19
Goods whose import or export is restricted shall be subject to quota and/or licensing control; technologies whose import or export is
restricted shall be subject to licensing control.
Import or export of any goods and technologies subject to quota and/or licensing control will be effected only with the approval of the
authorities responsible for foreign trade and economic relations under the
State Council or the joint approval of the foregoing authorities and other
authorities concerned under the State Council in compliance with the
provisions of the State Council.
Article 20
Import and export quotas of goods shall be distributed on the basis of the conditions including but not limited to the actual import or export
performance and capability of the applicants in foreign trade dealings and
on the basis of the principles of efficiency, impartiality, transparency
and fair competition by the authority responsible for foreign trade and
economic relations under the State Council or the relevant authorities
under the State Council within their respective responsibilities.
The ways and means of the distribution of quotas are to be regulated by the State Council.
Article 21
Where the import or export of goods, articles such as cultural
relics, wildlife animals, plants and the products thereof are prohibited
or restricted by other laws or administrative regulations, the provisions
of the laws and regulations in question shall be observed.
Chapter IV International Trade in Services
Article 22
The State promotes the progressive development of the international
trade in services.
Article 23
With respect to international trade in services, the People's Republic of China, pursuant to the commitments made in international treaties or
agreements to which the People's Republic of China is a contracting party
or a participating party, grants the other contracting parties and
participating parties market access and national treatment.
Article 24
The State may restrict international trade in services on the basis of any of the following considerations:
1. in order to safeguard the national security or public interest;
2. in order to protect the ecological environment;
3. in order to establish or accelerate the establishment of a
particular domestic service industry;
4. in order to maintain the State's balance of international payments;
5. other restrictions provided in relevant laws and administrative
regulations.
Article 25
The State prohibits any international trade in services which:
1. may endanger national security or public interest;
2. is contrary to the international obligations undertaken by the People's Republic of China;
3. is prohibited by relevant laws and administrative regulations.
Article 26
The authority responsible for foreign trade and economic relations under the State Council and the relevant authorities under the State
Council are responsible for the administration of international trade in
services in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws and
administrative regulations.
Chapter V Foreign Trade Order
Article 27
In foreign trade activities, foreign trade dealers shall operate their business in accordance with law and abide by the principle of fair
competition and are prohibited from the following acts:
(1) forgery, distortion or trading of certificates of country of origin and import or export licenses;
(2) infringement on the intellectual property rights protected by the laws of the People's Republic of China;
(3) squeezing out competitors with undue conducts of competition;
(4) defrauding the State of the refunded tax on exports;
(5) other acts contrary to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.
Article 28
In foreign trade activities, foreign trade dealers shall settle and use foreign exchanges in accordance with relevant regulations of theState.
Article 29
Where a product is imported in such increased quantities as to cause or threaten to cause serious injury to domestic producers of like or
directly competitive products, the State may take necessary safeguard
measures to remove or ease such injury or threat of injury.
Article 30
Where a product is imported at less than normal value of the product and causes or threatens to cause material injury to an established
domestic industry concerned, or materially retards the establishment of a
particular domestic industry, the State may take necessary measures in
order to remove or ease such injury or threat of injury or retardation.
Article 31
Where an imported product is subsidized in any form directly or indirectly by the country of export and causes or threatens to cause
material injury to an established domestic industry concerned or
materially retards the establishment of a domestic industry, the State may
take necessary measures in order to remove or ease such injury or threat
of injury or retardation.
Article 32
In the events referred to in Article 29, Article 30 and Article 31,the authority or agency designated by the State Council shall conduct
investigations and make determinations in accordance with relevant laws
and administrative regulations.
Chapter VI Promotion of Foreign Trade
Article 33
The State shall establish and improve financial institutions for foreign trade and establish funds for foreign trade development and risk
as the development of foreign trade requires.
Article 34
The State may take import and export credit, export tax refund and other foreign trade promotion measures for the purpose of the development
of foreign trade.
Article 35
Foreign trade dealers may establish or join Chambers of Commerce for Importers and Exporters in accordance with law.
Chambers of Commerce for Importers and Exporters shall abide by relevant laws and administrative regulations, coordinate and guide the
foreign trade activities of their members under their Articles of
Association, provide advisory services, report to the relevant authorities
of the Government the suggestions of their members with respect to foreign
trade promotion, and actively promote foreign trade.
Article 36
The international trade promotion organization of China shall, in accordance with its Articles of Association, engage in development of
foreign trade relations, sponsor exhibitions, provide information and
advisory services and carry out other foreign trade promotive activities.
Article 37
The State shall support and promote the development of foreign trade in national autonomous areas and economically under-developed areas.Chapter VII Legal Liabilities
Article 38
Anyone who smuggles goods that are subject to import or export prohibitions or
restrictions, and hereby commits criminal offenses, shall be subject to criminal prosecution pursuant to the Supplementary Decision
on the Punishment of Smuggling Crimes. Those offenses of smuggling which
do not constitute crimes shall be subject to sanctions under the
provisions of the Customs Law. In addition, the authority responsible for
foreign trade and economic relations under the State Council may withdraw
the foreign trade operation permit of the offender in question.
Article 39
Anyone who commits forgery distortion of certificates of country of origin or license for import or export shall be subject to criminal
prosecution under Article 167 of the Criminal Law. Anyone who commits
trading of certificates of country of origin or license for import or
export or trading of forged or distorted certificates of country of origin
or license for import or export shall be subject to criminal prosecution
in the light of Article 167 of the Criminal Law.
Where the criminal offenses referred to in the preceding paragraph are committed by an entity, the entity in question shall be imposed fine while
the persons in charge of the entity directly responsible for the offenses
and other persons directly responsible for the offenses shall be subject
to criminal prosecutions in accordance with or in the light of Article 167
of the Criminal Law. In addition, the authority responsible for foreign
trade and economic relations under the State Council may withdraw the
foreign trade operation permit of the entity in question. Anyone who knowingly uses forged or distorted import or export license
in importing or exporting goods shall be imposed sanctions in accordance
with the provisions of Article 38 of this Law.
Article 40
Anyone who imports or exports technologies that are subject to import or export prohibitions or restrictions in violation of this Law and
commits criminal offenses, shall be subject to criminal prosecutions in
the light of the Supplementary Decision on the Punishment of Smuggling
Crime.
Article 41
Personnel serving in the State's foreign trade authorities who commit any neglect of duty, malpractice, irregularities or abuse of power, which
constitute criminal offenses, shall be subject to criminal prosecutions
pursuant to law; as to those offenses which do not constitute crimes,
administrative sanctions shall apply.
Personnel serving in the State's foreign trade authorities who extort property from others with job convenience or illegally accept others'
property and seek advantages for them in return and thus commit criminal
offenses shall be subject to criminal prosecutions in accordance with the
Supplementary Decision on the Punishment of Embezzlement and Bribery
Crimes; where such conducts do not constitute criminal offenses,
administrative sanctions shall apply.
Chapter VIII Final Provisions
Article 42
The State applies flexible measures, provides favorable conditions and conveniences to the trade between the towns on the frontier and those
towns of neighboring countries on frontier as well as trade among border
residents. Detailed rules are to be laid down by the State Council.
Article 43
This Law shall not apply to the separate customs territories of the People's Republic of China.
Article 44
This Law shall enter into force as of July 1, 1994.
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